Insomnia, its Prevalence, Associated Factors and Effects on Old Age: A Cross-Sectional Study
Abstract
Introduction: Insomnia is a common problem among old age population. Almost half of all old age adults report difficulty in initiating and maintaining sleep. The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of insomnia, its associated factors and effects in old age adults. Methods: This was an observational analytical study where adults above 60 years of age from a ward of a village development committee were included. Data were collected for a period of four months. Insomnia was measured by Athens Insomnia Scale and structured questionnaires were used to assess the effects of insomnia. Descriptive statistics were presented as frequency and percentages. Association between variables was assessed with Chi-square test or Fisher's Exact test as appropriate. Results: There were a total of 55 participants in the study. Insomnia was prevalent in 56.4% (n=31) of the study population. Among the studied socio-demographic variables, presence of medical illness was significantly associated with insomnia. Insomnia was significantly associated with morning headache, irritability, unhappiness, fatigue, lack of concentration, day time sleepiness, avoiding interaction with people, and need of sedative for sleep. Conclusion: Majority of the old age adults suffer from insomnia with night awakenings as the most common symptom. Insomnia significantly affects various aspects of life at an old age.
Downloads
References
International Classification of Sleep Disorders. Diagnostic and Coding Manual. 2 ed. Westchester: American Academy of Sleep Medicine; 2005. P. 137.
Townsend-Roccichelli J, Sanford JT, VandeWaa E. Managing sleep disorders in the elderly. The Nurse Practitioner. 2010 May 1;35(5):30-7. PMID: 20395765 DOI: 10.1097/01.NPR.0000371296.98371.7e
Central Bureau of Statistics. Cencus Info Nepal 2011. National Planning Commission – Government of Nepal. 2011. Available from: http://dataforall.org/dashboard/nepalcensus/
Limbu A. Age Structure Transition and Senior Citizens in Nepal: The Impending Challenges. Alliance for Social Dialogue Policy Research Fellowship Program 2012. 2012. Available from: http://asd.org.np/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/age_structure_transition_and_senior_citizens_in_nepal0.pdf
Hellstrom A. Insomnia symptoms in elderly persons - assessment, associated factors and non-pharmacological nursing interventions. Division of Nursing, Lund University, 2013. 170 p. Available from: http://portal.research.lu.se/portal/en/publications/insomnia-symptoms-in-elderly-persons--assessment-associated-factors-and-nonpharmacological-nursing-interventions(0ae67ac8-7a48-43d0-bcd1-ee1a9b1e683d)/export.html#export
Taylor DJ, Lichstein KL, Durrence HH, Reidel BW, Bush AJ. Epidemiology of insomnia, depression, and anxiety. Sleep. 2005 Nov 1;28(11):1457-64. PMID: 16335332 [Publisher Full Text]
Shrestha S, Roka T, Shrestha S, Shakya S. Prevalence and Contributing Factors of Insomnia among El-derly of Pashupati Old Aged Home (Briddhashram). MJ Psyc. 2 (2): 014. Citation: Shrestha S, Roka T, Shrestha S and Shakya S.(2017). Prevalence and Contributing Factors of Insomnia among Elderly of Pashupati Old Aged Home (Briddhashram). Mathews Journal of Psychiatry & Mental Health. 2017;2(2):014. [Publisher Full Text]
Quan SF, Enright PL, Katz R, Olson J, Bonekat W, Young T, Newman A. Factors associated with incidence and persistence of symptoms of disturbed sleep in an elderly cohort: the Cardiovascular Health Study. The American Journal of the Medical Sciences. 2005 Apr 1;329(4):163-72. PMID: 15832098 DOI: 10.1097/00000441-200504000-00001
Allah ESA, Abdel-Aziz HR and El-Seoud ARA. Insomnia: Prevalence, risk factors, and its effect on quality of life among elderly in Zagazig City, Egypt. Journal of Nursing Education and Practice. 2014;4(8):52-69. DOI: 10.5430/jnep.v4n8p52 [Publisher Full Text]
Panda S, Taly AB, Sinha S, Gururaj G, Girish N, Nagaraja D. Sleep-related disorders among a healthy population in South India. Neurology India. 2012 Jan 1;60(1):68-74. PMID: 22406784 DOI: 10.4103/0028-3886.93601 [Publisher Full Text]
Mallon L, Broman JE, Ã…kerstedt T, Hetta J. Insomnia in Sweden: a population-based survey. Sleep disorders. 2014;2014:843126. Epub 2014 May 12. PMID: 24955254 DOI: 10.1155/2014/843126 [Publisher Full Text]
Budhiraja R, Roth T, Hudgel DW, Budhiraja P, Drake CL. Prevalence and polysomnographic correlates of insomnia co-morbid with medical disorders. Sleep. 2011Jul 1;34(7):859-867. PMID: 21731135 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5665/SLEEP.1114 [Publisher Full Text]
Kim J, Cho SJ, Kim WJ, Yang KI, Yun CH, Chu MK. Insomnia in tension-type headache: a population-based study. The Journal of Headache and Pain. 2017 Sep 12;18(1):95. PMID: 21731135 DOI: 10.1186/s10194-017-0805-3 [Publisher Full Text]
Katz DA, McHorney CA. Clinical correlates of insomnia in patients with chronic illness. Archives of internal medicine. 1998 May 25;158(10):1099-107. PMID: 9605781 DOI: 10.1001/archinte.158.10.1099 [Publisher Full Text]
Copyright (c) 2018 Bandana Pokharel, Bhaskkar Sharma, Anup Acharya
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
- The Journal of Lumbini Medical College (JLMC) publishes open access articles under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) License which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
- JLMC requires an exclusive licence to publish the article first in its journal in print and online.
- The corresponding author should read and agree to the following statement before submission of the manuscript for publication,
- License agreement
- In submitting an article to Journal of Lumbini Medical College (JLMC) I certify that:
- I am authorized by my co-authors to enter into these arrangements.
- I warrant, on behalf of myself and my co-authors, that:
- the article is original, has not been formally published in any other peer-reviewed journal, is not under consideration by any other journal and does not infringe any existing copyright or any other third party rights;
- I am/we are the sole author(s) of the article and have full authority to enter into this agreement and in granting rights to JLMC are not in breach of any other obligation;
- the article contains nothing that is unlawful, libellous, or which would, if published, constitute a breach of contract or of confidence or of commitment given to secrecy;
- I/we have taken due care to ensure the integrity of the article. To my/our - and currently accepted scientific - knowledge all statements contained in it purporting to be facts are true and any formula or instruction contained in the article will not, if followed accurately, cause any injury, illness or damage to the user.
- I, and all co-authors, agree that the article, if editorially accepted for publication, shall be licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0. If the law requires that the article be published in the public domain, I/we will notify JLMC at the time of submission, and in such cases the article shall be released under the Creative Commons 1.0 Public Domain Dedication waiver. For the avoidance of doubt it is stated that sections 1 and 2 of this license agreement shall apply and prevail regardless of whether the article is published under Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 or the Creative Commons 1.0 Public Domain Dedication waiver.
- I, and all co-authors, agree that, if the article is editorially accepted for publication in JLMC, data included in the article shall be made available under the Creative Commons 1.0 Public Domain Dedication waiver, unless otherwise stated. For the avoidance of doubt it is stated that sections 1, 2, and 3 of this license agreement shall apply and prevail.
Please visit Creative Commons web page for details of the terms.
